Правила классических шахмат

Identifying squares

• A file is a column of squares on the chessboard. They are labeled "a" through "h", starting on White's left.
• A rank is a row of squares on the chessboard. They are labeled "1" through "8", with "1" closest to the White player.
• Squares are designated by their file and rank, e.g. g5.
• Sometimes a rank is designated for a piece and it refers to the rank counting from that player's side of the board, e.g. the pawn's fifth rank.