Правила классических шахмат

Draws

The game ends in a draw if any of these conditions occur:

• The game is automatically a draw if the player to move is not in check but has no legal move. This situation is called a stalemate. An example of such a position is shown in the diagram to the right.
• No possible sequence of legal moves leads to checkmate. Usually this is because there is insufficient material, for example one player has a king and a knight and another only a king.
• Both players agree to a draw after one of the players makes such an offer.

The player having the move may claim a draw by declaring that one of the following conditions exists, or by declaring an intention to make a move which will bring about one of these conditions:

• Fifty moves have been played by each player without any capture or a pawn being moved.
• The same board position has occurred three times, with the same player to move and all pieces having the same rights to move, including the right to castle or capture en passant.

If the claim is proven true, the game is drawn (Schiller 2003:21,26–28).

At one time, if a player was able to check the opposing king continually (perpetual check) and he indicated his intention to do so, the game was drawn. This rule is no longer in effect; however, players will usually agree to a draw in such a situation, since either the threefold repetition rule or the fifty move rule will eventually be applicable (Staunton 1847:21–22), (Reinfeld 1954:175).